models -- 模板语言及Form验证

模板语言

依赖于 Python, 可以把数据内嵌到 html 中展示.

eg:

<span style="color: #0000ff"><!</span><span style="color: #ff00ff">DOCTYPE html</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">html</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">head </span><span style="color: #ff0000">lang</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="en"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">meta </span><span style="color: #ff0000">charset</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="UTF-8"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">title</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>你好<span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">title</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">table </span><span style="color: #ff0000">border</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="1px"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span><span style="color: #000000">
            {% for item in data %}
                </span><span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">tr</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
                    <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">td</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>{{item.id}}<span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">td</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
                    <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">td</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>{{item.hostName}}<span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">td</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
                <span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">tr</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span><span style="color: #000000">
            {% endfor %}
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">table</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">html</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>









<span style="color: #008000">#</span><span style="color: #008000"> settings.py</span>
TEMPLATE_DIRS =<span style="color: #000000"> (
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, </span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">web/template</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #000000">),
)

TEMPLATES </span>=<span style="color: #000000"> [
    {
        </span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">BACKEND</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #000000">,
        </span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">DIRS</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span>: TEMPLATE_DIRS, <span style="color: #008000">#</span><span style="color: #008000"> 这里本身是[ ], 需要改成 TEMPLATE_DIRS</span>
        <span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">APP_DIRS</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #000000">: True,
        </span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">OPTIONS</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #000000">: {
            </span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">context_processors</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #000000">: [
                </span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">django.template.context_processors.debug</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #000000">,
                </span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">django.template.context_processors.request</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #000000">,
                </span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #000000">,
                </span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #000000">,
            ],
        },
    },
]</span>









<span style="color: #008000">#</span><span style="color: #008000"> views.py in web</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff">def</span><span style="color: #000000"> All(request):
    itemList </span>=<span style="color: #000000"> Asset.objects.all()
    result </span>= render_to_response(<span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">index.html</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span>, {<span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">data</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #000000">:itemList})
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff">return</span> result

if html 模板

<span style="color: #000000">{% if xx %}
    true
{% else %}
    假
{% endif %}</span>

需要注意, 没有 elseif 这种语法, 如果想要实现, 就需要在 else 里再使用 if 模板.

<span style="color: #000000">{% ifequal xx 'yy' %}
    true 如果 xx == yy
{% else %}
    假
{% endif %｝</span>

模板还有一些帮助方法, 可以快速实现某些功能, 如首字母大写等.

帮助方法： {{ xxx|date:”Y-m-d H:i:s”}} {{ xxx|truncatewords:”30” }} {{ xxx|first|upper }} {{ xxx|lower }} 具体可自行搜索, 另外还可以通过 simple_tag 来自定义帮助方法:

在 app 中创建 templatetags 包
创建任意 .py 文件，如：xx.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

coding:utf-8

from django import template from django.template.base import resolve_variable, Node, TemplateSyntaxError

register = template.Library()

@register.simple_tag def my_simple_time(v1,v2,v3): return v1 + v2 + v3
在使用自定义 simple_tag 的 html 文件中导入之前创建的 xx.py 文件名(不用带后缀)

{% load xxx %}
使用simple_tag

{% my_simple_time 1 2 3%}
在 settings中配置当前 app, 不然 Django 无法找到自定义的 simple_tag

INSTALLED_APPS = ( ‘django.contrib.admin‘, ‘django.contrib.auth‘, ‘django.contrib.contenttypes‘, ‘django.contrib.sessions‘, ‘django.contrib.messages‘, ‘django.contrib.staticfiles‘, ‘web‘, )

Form 验证

Form 测试时, 会遇到一个 CSRF (伪造夸张请求) 的错误, 把 settings.py 里 MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES 中的 ‘django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware’ 注释掉就可以了.

Form 验证可以使用 HTML 自带的 input 来发送数据, 也可以使用 Python 的 form(推荐).

使用 HTML 的 form

在 template 目录下建立一个 login.html 文件:

<span style="color: #008000"><!--</span><span style="color: #008000"> HTML </span><span style="color: #008000">--></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"><!</span><span style="color: #ff00ff">DOCTYPE html</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">html</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">head </span><span style="color: #ff0000">lang</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="en"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">meta </span><span style="color: #ff0000">charset</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="UTF-8"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">title</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></</span><span style="color: #800000">title</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">form </span><span style="color: #ff0000">action</span><span style="color: #0000ff">=""</span><span style="color: #ff0000"> method</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="post"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span> <span style="color: #008000"><!--</span><span style="color: #008000"> action 不写, 就是 Post 当前网址 </span><span style="color: #008000">--></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>First name: <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">input </span><span style="color: #ff0000">type</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="text"</span><span style="color: #ff0000"> name</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="fname"</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">/></</span><span style="color: #800000">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>Last name: <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">input </span><span style="color: #ff0000">type</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="text"</span><span style="color: #ff0000"> name</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="lname"</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">/></</span><span style="color: #800000">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">input </span><span style="color: #ff0000">type</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="submit"</span><span style="color: #ff0000"> value</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="Submit"</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">/></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">span</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>{{status}}<span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">span</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">form</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>

修改 views.py:

<span style="color: #008000">#</span><span style="color: #008000"> python</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff">def</span><span style="color: #000000"> Login(request):
    </span><span style="color: #008000">#</span><span style="color: #008000">print request.method</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff">if</span> request.method == <span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">POST</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #000000">:
        fname </span>= request.POST.get(<span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">fname</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span>, None) <span style="color: #008000">#</span><span style="color: #008000"> 第二个参数是默认返回值</span>
        lname = request.POST.get(<span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">lname</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #000000">, None)
        result </span>= UserInfo.objects.filter(username=fname, password=<span style="color: #000000">lname).count()
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff">if</span> result == 1<span style="color: #000000">:
            </span><span style="color: #0000ff">return</span> HttpResponse(<span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">登录成功</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #000000">)
        </span><span style="color: #0000ff">else</span><span style="color: #000000">:
            </span><span style="color: #0000ff">return</span> render_to_response(<span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">login.html</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span>, {<span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">status</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span>:<span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">用户名或密码错误</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #000000">})

    </span><span style="color: #0000ff">return</span> render_to_response(<span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">login.html</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span>)

之所以用 filter 而不用 get, 是因为 get 方法如果结果为空时会报异常.

最后在 urls.py 里做映射, 然后通过 localhost:8000/web/login/ 就能进入 Login 函数, 然后返回 login.html 开始登录操作.

urlpatterns =<span style="color: #000000"> [
    url(r</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">^login/</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #000000">, Login),
]</span>

使用 Python 的 form

在 web 下新建一个 forms.py 文件

#-- coding:utf-8 --

from django import forms

######################################################################## class RegisterForm(forms.Form): “”“ 注册用 Form “”“
```
userName </span>=<span style="color: #000000"> forms.CharField()
email </span>= forms.EmailField(required=True)
```
在 template 目录中 regist.html

<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head lang=”en”> <meta charset=”UTF-8”> <title>title> head> <body> <form action=”“ method=”post”> <p>账号: {{form.userName}}p> <p>邮箱: {{form.email}}p> <input type=”submit” value=”Submit” /> <span>{{status}}span> form> body> html>

可以看到, 省略了 input 标签, 而改用 {{form.xxx}}.

在 views.py 中添加函数

from forms import RegisterForm

def Regist(request): #print request.method if request.method == ‘POST‘: regist = RegisterForm(request.POST) if regist.is_valid(): # 如果格式满足要求, 例如邮箱必须是有 @ 的 data = regist.cleaned_data # 获取数据 result = ‘注册成功, 账号:%s 邮箱:%s‘ % (data[‘userName‘], data[‘email‘]) return HttpResponse(result) else: # 验证失败 return HttpResponse(regist.errors.as_json()) else: regist = RegisterForm() return render_to_response(‘regist.html‘, {‘form‘:regist})
最后在 urls.py 中映射下即可.

☠

coding:utf-8